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Have a question? Send it in! Questions are answered by Rabbi Bartfeld.
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# 3078 Care and Share
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Q. Can one invite a totally irreligious relative, that one wants to be mekarev (bring close to Judaism) to the Pesach Seder?
A. Shulchan Aruch and Mishna Berurah (512 : 1) rule that one should not invite Gentiles on Yom Tov for a meal, since we are concerned that one may cook additional food for them which is prohibited. Mishna Berura (ibid 2) mentions that an unbeliever or one who does not observe Shabbos is considered like a Gentile and cannot be invited.
However, Chazon Ish (Y.D 1: 6) maintains the ones that were raised and educated in non-religious are considered like Jews. (See also Sdei Chemed (40: 86), Piskei Teshuvos and others).
Tzitz Eliezer (8: 17) permits when everything is cooked before Yom Tov, similar to the way we do on Shabbos,
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that if you inform the guest before Yon Tov that you cannot cook anything special for them and they would be sharing with you the food already prepared, it is permitted especially since the intention is kiruv.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 3/7/2021 10:44 PM |
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# 3077 More or Less?
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Q. If in a newly established minyan there is a disagreement whether to say yotzros (added tefilos for special dates) or not, what is the correct thing to do?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in principle every congregation should follow the already established minhogim and traditions. In this case, since there seems to be a disagreement, a vote should be taken by the members of the shul and the opinion of the majority should be followed.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit"a
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Posted 3/7/2021 10:06 PM |
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# 3076 Eat One's Matza and Have It Too?
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Q. Someone that has a minhag not to eat matza thirty days before Pesach, can he eat then shemura matza left overs from last Pesach that were likely placed on a chometz table during the year and he would certainly not eat them during next Pesach?
A. On question 2116 regarding one that has a minhag is not to eat matzos thirty days before Pesach. But since he only eats shemura matzos during Pesach, If he can eat regular machine matzos and gebrocht matzos in soup or matzebrai, since he doesn't eat gebrochts on Pesach. To what we answered: "Rema (O.H. 471: 2) rules that on Erev Pesach it is prohibited to eat matzos that can be used for the seder. Mishna Berura (ibid. 12) adds that some accustom not to eat matzo from Rosh Chodesh Nissan.
Mishnas Yaakov (3: 471), Kitzur Hilchos Pesach, Nitei Gavriel (1: 2: 10) and others maintain that the minhag is thirty days before Pesach. Igrois Moshe (O.H. 1: 155) explains that this is the time we begin the preparations for Pesach.
However, as mentioned the prohibition applies only to the matzo that one can consume at the seder night.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that if the eating of matzo is necessary for diet purposes, one can put the well marked matzo in contact with bread and thus make it inedible for Pesach. Then he may consume it even after Rosh Chodesh until Erev Pesach. when it would be prohibited. The same may apply to gebrochts.
On this shaila, Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that he should also eat them as gebrochts (if he does not eat them on Pesach) or actually mix them with crumbs of bread.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 3/5/2021 1:15 AM |
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# 3075 Shabbos Purim Seuda?
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A Q. Someone was eating the Purim Seuda last Friday and drank wine and time went by fast, (he didn't fall asleep). Then he realized that it was already Shabbos (he davened Mincha before the seuda). If he still wanted to eat and drink something or continue with the Shabbos seuda, did he have to make kiddush for Shabbos first? Did he have to make a brocho on the wine since as is he was already drinking wine. When he benches, does he say Al Hanissim or Retzeh or both? Can he eat the Shabbos meal first and then daven Maariv?
A. Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 271: 6) and Mishna Berura rule that before sunset he has to stop eating and if he wants to continue with the seuda, he has to recite the Shabbos Kiddush first. Since he was already drinking wine he does not recite P'ri Hagefen again on the Kiddush. Since he wants to eat then the Shabbos Seuda, he should bring to the table the two Shabbos Chalos and cover them as done usually in Shabbos, together with the rest of the bread already there. He and the others present who heard the Kiddush, should eat at least a kezais of chala, but they don't have to wash hands again and recite Hamotzi a second time. Poskim disagree if he should eat that kezais from the Lechem Mishna Chalos, cutting them as is usually done (Purim Meshulash), or it is not necessary (Haelef Lecha Shlomo 1: 113).
Poskim disagree when the present recite Birchas Hamazon after they ended their mixed Shabbos and Purim meal, if they add to the necessary and essential 'Retze' (since they ate at least a kezais after Shabbos began), also 'Al Hanisim' since the seuda began during Purim or no (Mishna Berura 291: 2). The reason being that after all they are contradictory. They also disagree if 'Al Hanisim' should be said as usual at the second brocho or at the Horachamons, by the end of Benching.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that it is better to bentch before the Sh'kia, following with Kabbolas Shabbos and Maariv and then the Shabbos seuda.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 3/5/2021 1:10 AM |
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# 3074 Giving Trouble
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Q. Does one comply with Shalach Monos when giving chomentashn or cakes to a diabetic?
A. Nishmas Avrohom (695) quotes RS'Z Auerbach zt'l who maintains that one complies, since the receiver can offer them to members of his family and guest. However, he disagrees. See also Birur Halocho (2: 695)
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that one can be lenient
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 3/5/2021 1:08 AM |
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# 3073 Smell the Shalach Manos?
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Q. I have a dear friend that is in hospital and is being fed intravenously as he can't digest any food. I would like to send him Shalach Manot to rise his spirits this Purim. He complained to me that he dislikes the smell in his multiple people room. Would I comply with this mitzva if I bring him an air freshener with a scent he likes. Since this year Purim is Erev Shabbat, time is of the essence. If I know I can comply with this important mitzva I would do every effort to have the deodorizer reach him on Purim, otherwise I would wait until after Shabbat. Does one comply?
A. Tzitz Eliezer (9: 33) rules that cigarettes, cigars, smelling and chewing tobacco, although in Yom Tov some Poskim permit their use, since they consider them to be for those who use them Ochel Nefesh or needed as actual food. However, in regard to Shalach Monos you require actual edible and nourishing food.
Other Poskim disagree and permit them for Shalach Monos also (Divrei Yisroel 1: 223, quoted by Piskei Teshuvos 695: 17).
One may argue that the same may apply to other desirable and needed scents and fragrances. And as they also argue, they may be enhancers for getting a greater appetite and eating better. Besides, some Poskim also permit, after one has already complied with proper food Shalach Mones, to send other desirable non-food gifts as Shalach Mones and called them by that title (Divrei Yisroel 1: 223, Beis Sheorim 380, Piskei Teshuvos 695: 17).
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that you should make an effort to have the air freshener delivered during Purim if this is going to give the patient happiness and cheer him up.
See also question 3055 above, 'The Real Spirit of Purim.'
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 3/5/2021 1:04 AM |
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# 3072 What a Place!
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Q. Dear Rabbi I'm a Shaliach that collects for an important Torah institution and I visit Mexico City usually once a year. I read recently and also checked it out, that the downtown of that city is full of buried corpses. I'm a Cohen and I do visit businesses on that section of town. Is that allowed?
A. In principle, you are right in your concern. I remember as a youngster, when they were excavating the downtown area to build the Metro subway train, they indeed found almost continuously human remains all over that area.
Aztecs were known to sacrifice their conquered enemies. See: Feeding the gods: (Science June 2018); "That sacrifice, one among thousands performed in the sacred city of Tenochtitlan, (downtown Mexico City). would feed the gods and ensure the continued existence of the world. Death, however, was just the start of the victim's role in the sacrificial ritual, key to the spiritual world of the Mexica people in the 14th to the 16th centuries." See also; Tumas Hatehom on Talmud Pesachim 81.
However, Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in practice a Cohen may walk on those streets, since the tumah or impurity conveyed by Gentile bodies is in Halacha disputed and there is also no certainty that in every single space one steps on, there are still human remains extant. On that doubt, a Cohen does not need to abstain.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 3/2/2021 10:21 PM |
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# 3071 That's a Shame
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Q. One went to a shul to wish mazel tov to a Rav for a simcha. One planned to stay only a short while at the kiddush, since one has a guest in his house who is waiting for him. However, as one prepares to leave, the Rav gets up to speak, and one feels unable to wait until the end of the drasha, since his guest is waiting. May one get up and leave, or is it disgracing the honor of the Rav? (The person was sitting right near the Rav.)
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that one should stay and avoid embarrassing the Rov. When he reaches home, he should explain what happened to his guest.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 3/2/2021 10:15 PM |
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# 3070 Directions for the Phone Directory
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Q. Is a phone book muktze during Shabbos? Could it be used then by youngsters to keep the score on games played, (by turning the numbered pages to the desired number), such as Scrabble?
A. In principle a phone book is muktza since it is usually used for a prohibited task (Horav Dovid Paam Shlit'a). However, if used just for finding an address that one is permitted to reach on Shabbos the phone book is not muktze.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in principle it can be used also for youngsters to keep score of the results of a permitted game. The Rov stressed the importance to use when possible Shabbos time for learning Torah.
See question 2259 regarding playing Scrabble during Shabbos and questions 1247 and 1635 on other games such as a Rubik cube.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 3/2/2021 10:08 PM |
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# 3069 An Eye on Your Apple
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Q. If someone recited Haetz bracha on an apple or any other fruit and there was apple sauce in front of him but he did not have in mind to include it, does he have to say a Shahakol bracha on it?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that he complies with the Haetz recited first and does not have to recite any other blessing on the apple sauce, since the sauce is also a derivative of the fruit
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 3/2/2021 10:00 PM |
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# 3068 Checking the Bags
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Q. I was wondering, when I open my Tefilin bag, as all others I recall seeing, the zipper opens from right to left. The Tefilin Shel Rosh (head Tefilin) are placed on the right and since the Shel Yad (hand Tefilin), which we put on first are on the left side. Why is this not a case of 'Ein Maavirin Al Hamitzvos' (prohibited passing over the compliance of a mitzva) on the Shel Rosh, which appeared first?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that as long as the zipper does not open completely, it would be somehow difficult to extract the head Tefilin first and therefore they are not considered available at that time.
Only when the zipper opens completely they are readily available, and then the Shel Yad are closer.
In reality Tefilin bags that open from left to right are also common.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 3/2/2021 9:51 PM |
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# 3067 The Robot and the Monkey
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Q. In hospitals that already use robots for carrying and delivering meals for the patients, can one place Shalach Manot to be delivered by them to the sick?
A. Chashukei Chemed (Megila 7a) quotes a story of A Rov that complained to the Satmar Rebbe zt'l, that he received Shalach Mones delivered by a child dressed as a monkey. The Rebbe replied that even if a real monkey would deliver them, one would also comply. He added to the wondering Rabbi, that so is the opinion of the Chassam Sofer (Gittin 22b). Namely, that when the Torah demands that a person should do the mitzva himself, then you have to rely on a proper Shaliach or agent to carry it out in your name. Not so, when to begin with, the mitzva is to be done by using an agent, then even a monkey can also deliver.
However, Chashukei Chemed adds that since the purpose of sending Shalach Mones, is to manifest and create friendship and affection, sending it with a monkey may have an adverse effect.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that you indeed comply by sending the gift with the robot usually used, with the permission of the staff.
(Robots are preferred in some hospitals because of different reasons, including reliability and the avoidance of contamination).
Rabbi A, Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit"a
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Posted 2/28/2021 12:11 PM |
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# 3066 The Customs of Costumes
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Q. Can one wear a Purim costume when davening?
A. Shulachan Aruch requires that one davening the Amida, to be dressed properly as if he would be standing facing a king.
Therefore, Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that one should not wear a costume at that time.
Rabbi A, Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit"a
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Posted 2/28/2021 12:07 PM |
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# 3065 Don't Just Grab a Garb
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Q. Is it correct for children to wear on Purim a costume that resembles King Achasverosh or Haman, who were evil people?
A. See question 3064 above regarding the sources and reasons for wearing attires and disguises on Purim.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that it is better to avoid costumes. that have any negative connotation, as they may affect a child's emotions and spiritual health.
Rabbi A, Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit"a
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Posted 2/28/2021 12:03 PM |
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# 3064 Face the Mask
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Q. If one wears for Covid protection a mask, would that qualify as 'Partzufin' on Purim, or does one have to wear an additional mask?
A. On question 1279 regarding Rema's ruling (695: 2) that you have to wear Shabbos clothing on Purim. However, it also says that you should wear an attire (partzufin). So which is more correct?
To what we answered; 'Different reasons have been mentioned for the minhag of donning disguises on Purim, such as giving the opportunity to the poor to collect tzedaka without being embarrassed. (Minhagei Kol Aryeh).
The miracle of Purim was disguised in ordinary occurrences and events, such as Vashti being executed and Esther taking her place. The Talmud (Megila 12a) writes that just as the Jews at the time pretended only to be serving other gods, Hashem also pretended that He was going to destroy the Jewish nation, and in the end it was only a semblance (Bnai Isoschor). It would seem that we are being encouraged to wear partzufin. However, Rema (Shulchan Aruch O.H. 696: 8) and Mahari Mintz (17) mention only that it is permitted, but do not encourage it necessarily.
While in regards to wearing Shabbos clothing on Purim, Mishna Berura (695: 3) writes in the name of the (Poskim) Achronim that it is proper to wear them at the night Megila reading also.
The minhag of the Maharil, Avodas Yisroel, Ben Ish Chai (Tetzave) and others was similar (See Yemei Hapurim 5: 1).
Eliahu Rabba (691: 15) mentions that one should change to clothing of import as a remembrance to; 'Mordechai left the king’s presence with royal raiment (Esther 8: 15).'
Horav Yaakov Hirschman Shlit'a suggested that one could dress up with Shabbos Chasidishe clothing, since for one who does not usually wear them, they would constitute a disguise.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that wearing Shabbos clothing supersedes the minhag some have of wearing a costume, at least most of the time.'
In regards to the Purim shaila, obviously the Covid mask has a different use.
Rabbi A, Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit"a
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Posted 2/25/2021 10:27 PM |
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# 3063 The Whole Halel Megila?
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Q. There are in our days a significant amount of people who due to the pandemic restrictions, will be unable to hear the Megillah reading from a proper manuscript this year, either because they are hospitalized and the ones who can read for them are restricted in access or because they are isolated and can't travel to a proper shul these days. Should they recite Halel instead? With or without a bracha?
A. Shaarei Teshuva (693: 2) quoting Meiri and referring to Talmud Megila (14a) that teaches that the reason we do not recite Halel during Purim is because the reading of the Megila is tantamount to it. Therefore, when one cannot read the Megila, one should indeed recite Halel. He recommends to recite without a brocho. Nitei Gavriel (Purim 24: 2) maintains a similar position. (See also Chashukei Chemed Megila 14a regarding women).
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that there is no need to recite Halel.
Rabbi A, Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit"a
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Posted 2/25/2021 10:19 PM |
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# 3062 The Propitious Purim Poor
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Q. If one is approached during Purim by people collecting for matonos laevyonim for the local needy and also for the Aniyei or poor of Eretz Yisroel, what should he choose?
A. Rambam (H. Matonos Aniyim 7: 13) based on Sifri (Devarim 15) rules that the needy of one's city take precedence over others. However, Poskim disagree if that includes also the impoverished of Eretz Yisroel. Bach (Y.D. 251) maintains that the local poor prevail, while Peas Hashulchan, Maharam Galanti (76) and others disagree and opine that the Israeli destitute preempt, since besides the mitzva of tzedaka, they are also involved in Yishuv Eretz Yisroel.
Teshuvos Vehanhogos (Y.D. 2: 470) explains that the priority to the resident impoverished applies when one faces them. He also mentions other factors and conditions. See also Y.D. 3: 283
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in principle, one should give first to the local needy.
Rabbi A, Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit"a
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Posted 2/25/2021 10:08 PM |
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# 3061 Amount to Something
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Q. What are the correct amounts for machatzit hashekel and matonos laevyonim this year?
A. On question 1024 and 2572 we wrote: Rema (O.H. 694: 1) rules that we donate besides Matonos Laevyonim, also Machatzis Hashekel, but the amounts differ. Mishna Berura (694: 2) asserts to follow the opinion of the Ritvo (Megila 7b) that one fulfils the matonos laevyonim obligation even with two prutos (one prutah per indigent) or its equivalent in food. (“shaveh Prutah”)
The value of a perutah according to the opinion of the Chazon Ish is 1/40 or .025 of a gram of silver, and according to the Masoro it is .0182 of a gram of silver (Masores Hashekel p.119)”
At today’s (Adar 5780) price of silver (about $0.56 U.S.D. per gram) it would result in $0.0128 or $0.0092, a bit more or less than a penny.
Although one fulfills one’s obligation with a prutah, nonetheless, Poskim write that it’s proper to give each poor person a significant and meaningful gift (Maharsho – Megila ibid.) Others maintain that it should be enough to purchase three egg volumes of bread (Shaarey Teshuvo 694, see also other opinions on Nitey Gavriel Purim 33:2)
Yeme Mishteh VeSimcha (p. 244 published in 5766) quotes Rav Elyashiv zt’l as saying that even though one fulfills one’s obligation with a prutah, nonetheless, it’s proper to give each poor person about 5 shekalim which is an amount which would make the poor person happy. Halichot Shlomo (chap 19, note 62) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt’l as having said that in order to fulfill all opinions one should give an amount which is significant by the giver and by the taker’s standards.
In question #507 in this forum we wrote that Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit’a advises to give at least a dollar (Canadian) for matonos loevyonim, (a Zichron Binyomin paper equivalent dollar is also good). The reason is that you can still acquire a roll of bread with something in it, to be used for a minimum seudah. The Rov maintains that on this year, (5780) the above still stands.
The Rov also recommends that one with limited resources should give two dollars to two needy persons, then divide the rest of the money available and donate to as many recipients as possible, even if it less than a dollar, since every act of giving constitutes a new separate mitzva.
A machatzis hashekel (see question 1274) is the value of 9.6 grams of silver lechumra and 7.5 grams in leniency. The price of silver was yesterday (March 6, 20), approximately $0.56 USD per gram. So the value of machatzis hashekel is between $5.38 and $4,20 USD.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that you can use the lower figure. However, the Rov mentioned the accepted minhag that where no coin designated as a half-shekel, it is customary for the gabbaim to bring three halves of silver coins which are issued elsewhere, and to give these coins in exchange, to anyone who makes his contribution in the coins or money available to him. After performing the mitzva, the giver returns the three half-shekels to the plate so that others may also be able to observe the minhag properly.
Although she spot price of silver today (2/22/21) in Canada is 35.56 (Can) per ounce or 1.14 per gram, Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that since this is only a minhag one may still give between 7 or 8 Canadian dls.
Rabbi A, Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit"a
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Posted 2/25/2021 10:00 PM |
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# 3060 New Ways of Giving
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Q. Can one comply with the mitzva of Matonos Loevyonim (giving to the poor) during Purim when the receiving pauper uses a mobile credit card reader terminal and one offers to him a credit card that will be charged immediately?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that it is likely that the indigent is using a Tzedaka Organization to help him receive the monies given to him and is thus able to grant a tax deductible receipt. If that organization, keeping with the Halacha needs of Purim, immediately transfers the monies to his account on Purim itself, the donor will comply with Matanos Laevyonim. However, the above condition should be verified.
Rabbi A, Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit"a
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Posted 2/25/2021 9:52 PM |
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# 3059 A Gift on Time
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Q. Shalom Rav, Purim this year will be a rush no doubt.
Would it be OK to put A shaloch manos by someone’s door after Shabbos already comes in, right? [If the items are not muksa and can be used/eaten on Shabbos? ]
Can we drop off a bunch? Do we have to have a specific machshava (intention)?I was thinking after bentch lechting to go for a little walk to some neighbours I may not have gotten to.....Thank you so much for the forum. A Freilchen Pirim!
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that if the time one delivers the Shalach Manos is after light candling, since they cannot be eaten then any more until after the receiving family davens Maariv and the husband comes home and recites Kiddush, even if ithere is an Eiruv and one is permitted to deliver them, still one does not comply anymore with the mitzva of Shalach Manos. There may be also other issues in delivering gifts during Shabbos. See question 1069.
Rabbi A, Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit"a
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Posted 2/25/2021 9:42 PM |
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Important Numbers
