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Have a question? Send it in! Questions are answered by Rabbi Bartfeld.
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# 4449 Profess the Confess?
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Q. An aged person that can’t speak and recite the Viduy (confession for sins done), listen to someone else saying it and comply as ‘Shomea Keone’ or one that listens is like he has said it also, as is done with kiddush. Is that recommended and helpful?
A. Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a pointed to the Mishna Berura (607: 11), that explains that the above is a difference of opinion between the Shulchan Aruch (ibid) and the Remah, if once one has already said a viduy, and now it is repeated and expanded by the Shaliach Tzibur, if it suffices by just with listening or one has to repeated again, as the Rema advises.
They seem to disagree in the point above. The Rema adds that it is the custom in our days to repeat it.
In our case, since there is no other option, the one that can’t speak should indeed pay attention to the Shaliach Tzibur or have someone else read it for him.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/18/2023 3:49 PM |
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# 4448 Don’t Judge by the Shoes
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Q. A patient who has lost both feet and seats in wheelchair using artificial feet with regular leather shoes. Can he on Yom Kippur join the Beith Haknesseth with those shoes?
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A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit'a opinion is that it is best if he can change the shoes to permitted sleepers or just socks. Or he may in some other way give to understand his particular condition.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:36 AM |
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# 4447 Near and Far Shofar
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Q. A group of neighbour women with small children decided to join together in one of the houses to daven together on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur and share the cost of a common helper to take care of the children. They want to know if one of them can blow the shofar for the children, if there are some children that have already reached an age when they understand the mitzva. Is that permitted?
A. Kovetz Halochos (p. 127) rules that a woman cannot blow the shofar for a boy that should be already hearing it, as he has reached the age of understanding the meaning of the mitzva (about six plus years) and it is part of his Chinuch or obligated education. However, Mate Efraim (589: 8) seems to be lenient.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit'a opinion is that although women can join together in the above situation, they should each daven separately and not try to join in a Tefila recited by all together, as it will likely lead to the type of davening done by Non-Orthodox congregations.
By the same token, one of their men should attend at some point and blow the shofar for all, including the above children
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Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:33 AM |
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# 4446 An Early Bath
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Q. How early can someone immerse in a mikva on Erev Rosh Hashana?
A. Kovetz Halochos (p. 50) maintains it can be done an hour before Chatzos (midday).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:31 AM |
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# 4445 The Long View
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Q. Our shul was given as a gift a beautiful long Shofar by a great supporter of our institution. Should we replace our regular Shofar.
A. The long twisted shofar made usually from the African Kudu antelope, is commonly used by Yemenite communities. Yet some other congregations also occasionally use it.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit'a opinion is that you may use it for the additional blowing done at the end of davening.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:29 AM |
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# 4444 Low Blow
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Q. Can one on this year that Rosh Hashana that coincides with Shabbos blow the shofar on Erev Shabbos for learning purposes, since after all we won’t be blowing during the first day as it is Shabbos?
A. Mishna Berura (581: 240) mentions two opinions if it is permitted to blow for learning purposes when it is done in total privacy and seems to agree with the Eliahu Rabbo that is lenient. (quoted last).
Similarly, Kovetz Halochos permits.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:26 AM |
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# 4443 Beg in Question
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Q. Can one daven on Rosh Hashana that coincides with Shabbos for one’s personal needs such as health and parnassa (sustent)?
A. Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 288: 9) permits in cases of danger of life to pray for those needs on Shabbos.
Mishna Berura (28) thus explains why on a regular ‘Mi Sheberach’ we add the words; ‘Shabbos Hi Milizok’ oe we should not be praying on Shabbos.
Poskim point out that there seems to be many contradictions regarding the above Halacha, since we do recite in Shabbos the Yehi Ratzon after the morning blessings, E-lokai Netzor at the end of the Amida, Yekum Purkan and the Tefilos of Birchas Hachodesh, just to mention a few.
Medresh Tanchuma (Vayero) mentions that the reason for avoiding those Tefilos is to spare ourselves from the suffering and pain involved when reciting them. Therefore, if they are standard one should be able to recite them. Yet we do daven a short Amida on Shabbos. (See Piskei Teshuvos ibid).
As far as Rosh Hashono is concerned, Remoh (584: 1) rules that we do not say Avinu Malkenu in Rosh Hashana that coincides with Shabbos for the above reason.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that you may daven for the needs of others.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:24 AM |
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# 4442 Low-Hanging Fruit
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Q. What to do for מעשרות For Israeli Pomegranate In Toronto which was bought in Toronto?
A. Due to the difficulty and complication in correctly separating Teruma and Maaser from Israeli fruits, our Rabbonim Shlit’a maintain that it is better not to use them unless they come already certified with a reliable Hechsher.
See similar question 453 regarding fruits for Tu Bishvat.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:21 AM |
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# 4441 Say Can You See?
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Q. Can someone recite Tashlich by just looking at a lake or sea from far? Can one use a telescope to see the lake or sea?
A. On question 2847 we were asked a similar question; “I live on the penthouse of a tall building and I can see the sea from far. How close does one have to be to the water, to be able to say tashlich?
To what we answered: “On question 986 regarding the dateline and how far according to the Chazon Ish the waters close to the shore are considered like the land. we wrote:
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that any island, vessel or individual found on the area of a Techum Shabbos (2000 amos or approximately one kilometre) from shore, should follow that same date. We find that Techum Shabbos creates an area of belonging and of being part of the city, in regards to the reading of the Megilah (Talmud Megilah 3b, Shulchan Aruch O.H. 688).
The above also applies to the rulings, decrees and taxes imposed on the city (Shiltei Hagivorim Bava Basra 11a on Ri'f, Maharam Alshich 59). Chashukei Chemed ( Gittin 4b .) applies the above to the acceptance of an early Shabbos time.
The Rov also considered the distance of sixteen mil (approximately sixteen kilometres) mentioned in regards to separating ma’aser from animals as one single distinct entity. The Talmud (Bechoros 54b.) explains all sheep herded in an area that is visible to the naked eye, are to be seen as one flock. Poskim disagree if this means an observer standing in the middle of a imaginary circle of a radius of eight mil creating a total area of a sixteen mil diameter (Tiferes Yisroel – Mishna ibid.- Chasdei Yehonoson) or actually it means that one can see as far as sixteen mil, and the area is double (Shvus Yaakov 3: 31 et. al.)
This amount of space applies also to other Halochos that depend on visual contact. Igrois Moshe (O.H. 3: 85) debates whether it applies to rending one’s clothes when approaching Yerushalaim nowadays, for one that resides within that distance and is constantly in visual contact. Similarly, Betzel Hachochma (3: 40) depends this shiur for the brocho recited when seeing a kever or cemetery after thirty days.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s shlit’a opinion is that within sixteen mil distance from the shore, it may be considered at least in doubt of belonging already to the date observed on shore. Therefore, if in the main landmass it is Shabbos, anyone within that distance, should be stringent in its observance.”
Regarding how close does one have to be to the sea to see the water from far and be able to say tashlich, the Rov’s opinion is also a sixteen mil distance.”
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch
Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:19 AM |
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# 4440 Adores Kapores?
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Q. 1) Why does a pregnant women do Kapores for an unborn child. After all the baby doesn’t have any sins that need a כפרה?
2) Also a pregnant mother doesn't eat at the Pesach Seder, additional matza or grape juice for the unborn baby, so why add additional chickens for the fetus on Kapores?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that the Kapara and pardon is not for the baby but rather for the parents, since their sins can affect their children.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:14 AM |
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# 4439 Really Silly?
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Q. Dear Rov. Is it true that the Shulchan Aruch wrote that the minhag – tradition of doing ‘Kaparot’ is a ‘Minhag Shtus’ (silly act)?
A. Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 605: 1) indeed rules that one should avoid the minhag of Kaporos.
Beis Yosef (ibid.) quotes the Tur and Ramban, that it is prohibited and one transgresses the sin of following the ways of the Emorites
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The first eighteen editions of the Shulchan Aruch kept this ruling, declaring Kaporos to be a silly and zany tradition.
However Rema maintains that the tradition is proper and mentions that many living in the Ashkenazi sites keep the tradition an it should be observed
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:12 AM |
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# 4438 Meet the Meat
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Q. I put some chicken at the bottom of a pot with veggies on top. Are the vegetables that got steamed but did not touch the chicken enough to make me fleshing?
If I separate them with a plate, or if I put the plate on top of the pot is it still the same? How about plastic plates?
A. It stands to reason that if the veggies are inside the pot with the meat, even if they are separated by a plate, they would become fleishig, as the meat vapour ans steam rises over the sides of the plate.
However, Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a maintains that even inside the pot, the steam rises strait up and does not affect the veggies.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that the question is complicated by the many variants possible such as the temperature and strength of boiling, the size of the pot and the period of time of contact.
Therefore a competent Rov should observe the act itself in order to give a correct answer.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:10 AM |
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# 4437 Let the Meal Count
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Q. Hello Rav, I attended a Sheva Bracha meal recently where we only had 6 men that had washed for bread, but several others that ate other foods. My understanding was that 7 needed to have bread, but a certain young Rav who was present said that it was fine to say sheva brachot anyways because there were many opinions in the rishonim.
I see online that there are some sources that seem to allow if only 3 washed for bread. Are we allowed to rely on these lenient opinions, or should we have pushed another man to wash on bread or skipped the brachot? Thanks
A. Nitei Gavriel (120: 2) indeed quotes the opinions you mentioned. However, he rules that there should be should be at least seven men that each eat a kezais of bread, since we are stringent in reciting doubtful brochos.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlt’a opinion is that six people at least should eat bread.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/15/2023 12:07 AM |
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# 4436 A Time to Heal all Wounds
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Q. (translated) Dear Rabbi. I suffer from a severe Skin Cancer, and I have to use medical cream and sun blocking agents when exiting home, specially under the strong sun of Mexico. (When going to shul on Yamim Noraim). I already suffered three skin surgeries, what can I do on using these protecting creams?
A. You can use creams with a ‘Shinui’ (unusual way) in your severe case. That would involve not smearing the cream directly on your skin, but rather smearing the face on the cream container or a prior prepared tissues. A better way, as is common in your country, if you have a Gentile maid, she could be instructed before Shabbat to do so for you.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/8/2023 12:50 PM |
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# 4435 A Hard to Breath Shaila
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Q. Hi Rabbi Bartfeld Shlt’a. My mother (and father) have a very hard time falling asleep and they have been using medications for a few years to help them sleep. A couple of weeks ago, my mother got a new prescription from her sleeping doctor to get a sleeping aid device and she would like to be able to use it on Shabbat. Please review it and let me know if she can get a Hatar to use this sleeping aid device on Shabbos.
A. On question 389 regarding an Apnea Machine on Shabbos If someone has sleep apnea, and is advised by doctor to use a sleep apnea machine every night, can one use it on Shabbos, which requires pushing an electric button to activate it and turning it off in the morning?
To what we answered: “ Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that when there is a compelling need for operating the apnea machine on Shabbos, as when the user cannot fall asleep without it (even if his life is not presently in danger), it can be used if it is connected to a timer that automatically turns it on. It should also be the type of machine that does not have a sensor that turns it on and off, responding to the breathing and also adjusts accordingly the pressure needed in real time, (APAP or Auto Positive Airway Pressure system) but rather the simpler continuous air stream machine.
A trial should be done before Shabbos to see if the timer set up works properly”
On question 1744 regarding “I have lately some respiratory problems and I am waiting to see a specialist (takes too long).
I cannot walk long time,, cannot climb stairs and very often I have some coughing attack – especially night time.
I am using a CPAC machine to distribute oxygen when I am sleeping.
1. What is the Chalacha to use this kind of machine on Shabbat? It has a small electric motor that is helping to pump air into your body.
2. When I am using it I am getting dry mouth and have to drink a few sip of water on night time. What to do on a fast day?
Maybe you had this questions answered on Frum Toronto.
A. Indeed we addressed the question on 389 and 467, which I quote: “If someone has sleep apnea, and is advised by doctor to use a sleep apnea machine every night, can one use it on Shabbos, which requires pushing an electric button to activate it and turning it off in the morning?”
To what we answered: “Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that when there is a compelling need for operating the apnea machine on Shabbos, as when the user cannot fall asleep without it (even if his life is not presently in danger), it can be used if it is connected to a timer that automatically turns it on. It should also be the type of machine that does not have a sensor that turns it on and off, responding to the breathing and also adjusts accordingly the pressure needed in real time, (APAP or Auto Positive Airway Pressure system) but rather the simpler continuous air stream machine.
A trial should be done before Shabbos to see if the timer set up works properly.”
You use a CPAP, or Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, which is a form of positive airway pressure ventilator, that applies mild air pressure on a continuous basis to keep the airways continuously open in people who are able to breathe spontaneously on their own. From our recent conversation, it is clear that this machine is also controlled by the breathing of the user and it is also continuously monitored remotely by technicians at a central location.
Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit’a suggested to have them add to the machine an optional switch that can override the sensors and monitoring devices for Shabbos use.
If that is not a possibility the Rov further suggested to obtain for Shabbos use, a simple continuous respirator. You should consult with your doctor before doing any changes.
Please get back to us I you were not able to do the above.
As far as alleviating the dry mouth ailment during a fast day, the Rov would recommend using a humidifier, after consulting with the physician and the technicians involved. The Rov also suggested if possible just gargling with water, without actually swallowing. This would not be permitted during Yom Kippur.’
Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a stressed how important it is to have a Rov and Posek that also understands and is well versed in the many different and constantly changing conditions and technical electronic details of the medical equipment being used.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/8/2023 12:48 PM |
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# 4434 A Blue Moon Shailah
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Q. Does the recent “Blue Moon” last sighted on Wednesday August 30, in Toronto, have any significance in our lives?
Is there any special blessings to be recited upon seeing this phenomenon?
A. “Once in a blue moon,” is a common expression that has been used for a long time, and which means ‘not very often,’ or ‘very rarely.’ It often refers to an extra full moon; however, it has been used to describe the way the moon actually looked, when for different reasons it had turned a bluish color.
The expression “blue moon” has been around for a very long time, and it almost always refers to a full moon of a very special kind, but sometimes it is a description of the moon, which for different reasons turns blue. When the famous volcano Krakatoa exploded and lots of dust was sent into the atmosphere, it made for some very unusual skies, including blue moons! ( https://www.loc.gov/really)
On question 1417 we were asked: “The Mishnah Berurah (beginning of siman 229) says that one should not publicize the sighting of a rainbow because it is like Lashon Horah. Should one also refrain from publicizing the event of a lunar eclipse which, according to popular translation of the gemora (Sukka 29a), is referred to as a bad sign for Jews?
To what we answered: “Although Mishna Berura (229: 1) quotes from Chaye Adam the term “motzei dibo” is does not refer or imply the common Lashon Hora’ meaning, but rather conveying something that may be harmful or proscribed to another, as gazing at the rainbow may be. (Taanis 16, Remah, Mishna Berura ibid 5).
However, in regards to announcing or publicizing a lunar eclipse, Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that it is different than a rainbow.
A supermoon occurs when the moon reaches its closest point to Earth in its orbit, and a blue moon describes the second full moon within a calendar month.”
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/8/2023 12:44 PM |
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# 4433 No Fast Fast?
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Q. Should one accept in advance the fast of Erev Rosh Hashana and until when should one fast? Does one have to fast if it was not the tradition of his parents but he davens in a minyan where people fast?
A. Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 581: 2) mentions that there is a Minhag or tradition to fast on Erev Rosh Hashanah.
Mishna Berura (ibid 16) rules that this fast does not require acceptance before or the fasting more than after ‘Chatzos’ or midday.
In our days, it is customary in many congregations to do a ‘Siyum’ or finish a Talmudical tractate and avoid the fasting.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/8/2023 12:41 PM |
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# 4432 So Far the Shofar
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Q. I have seen trumpet musicians play most beautiful concert and other music using a shofar, Is that permitted?
A. If the shofar was already used for the mitzva of Tekias Shofar, we mentioned on question 4426 above that there are some issues to be concerned with regarding the honoring and disposal of it.
If the shofar was not used for a mitzva purpose, Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit’a maintains that in principle it could be used for music since that shofar does not have any Kedusha or holiness. Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a is similar.
However, they cautioned that if the music or event is frivolous or unethical, a shofar should be avoided.
Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a maintains that; ” ערוך השלחן תרפא סעיף יב התקיעות מעוררים מדות למעלה”.
Therefore it would not be wise to blow shofar for entertainment.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/8/2023 12:38 PM |
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# 4431 A Brocho that Needs a Brocho
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Q. The Chazan finished the third bracha with Chonain Chada’as by mistake (Instead of HaE-l Hakadosh). He was corrected incorrectly and went back to ata kadosh. Should we avoid saying amen to the remainder of the chazara.
A. In the above case, since the brocho of Ata Kadosh was recited improperly, and since that is one of the initial three brochos of the Amida that are considered for these purposes as a single one, and they were not recited properly, then the Amida has to be restarted. Therefore indeed, continuing is to be considered actually reciting ‘Brochos Levatalah” or prohibited unnecessary brochos and no omen should be answered.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/8/2023 12:36 PM |
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# 4430 Back Again?
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Q. It is now August 2023. There are no more restrictions in terms of entering or being in a building mask-less or sitting in close proximity to another person. Is it permitted to give an aliyah to a person who is still mask wearing but most importantly will not go up to the bima and will only stand 15 feet away and look up towards the Torah as was permitted during the COVID emergency times?
A. Although some Poskim considered proper at the height of the Covid fear days to have a separate Sefer Torah being read away from the main one for distancing purposes. A plastic sheet separation was accepted as more practical and Halacha accepted.
Horav Yaakov Hirschman Shlit’a maintains that the type of aliyah mentioned may not valid in Halacha. It also includes what others would then do by having the receiver of the aliyah reading another Torah away from the one being read for all at the bimah.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 9/8/2023 12:33 PM |
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Important Numbers
