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Have a question? Send it in! Questions are answered by Rabbi Bartfeld.
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# 3518 Hatzlacha on the Bracha
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Q. Is there a Machlokes about whether the brocho on papaya is HoEitz or HoAdomo?
What brocho do you make on okra"
A. 1) On question 1094 regarding the Brocho on papaya we wrote: "The Papaya looks like a tree, it may grow ten feet tall or more, lasts for several years and produces an annual crop like a tree and has all the qualifications of a tree as determined by Chazal. However it lacks some key botanical features of a tree and exhibits properties of a “Yerek”. It bears closer similarity in many ways to a very tall stalk, since unlike a tree its stem is completely hollow on the inside and it does not usually produce branches. Its leaves and fruits grow directly on the top of the main stem, and it usually produces fruit during the first year, unlike most trees.
Since the papaya has some tree-like features and some vegetable-like features, Poskim disagree as to what is the proper brocho to be recited. Most Poskim follow Rav Pe'alim (O.H. 2: 30,) rule that papaya is not a tree and that the appropriate bracha is ha'adama. So does the Ridvaz (3: 531,) Kaf HaChaim (203: 13),Yechaveh Daas (4:52), Mekor HaBerachah, VeTein Berachah, (p.395,) Teshuvos VeHanhagos (3: 333) and Pischei Halacha. They offer different arguments or do so out doubt which is the correct brocho.
Other Poskim (Shevet Halevi 6: 165, Mishpetei Aretz, p. 27, Miperi Haaretz – quoting Horav Elyashiv zt”l) maintain that the brocho is haetz, so does too the OU website.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion concurs with the majorities view of reciting ha’adama, since we are stringent on doubtful brochos.
2) Okra or Okro (Abelmoschus esculentus), is known in many English-speaking countries as ladies' fingers is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It is valued for its edible green seed pods.
The species is a perennial, often cultivated as an annual in temperate climates, often growing to around 2 m. it is related to such species as cotton, cocoa, and hibiscus. The fruit is a capsule up to 18 cm. (7.1 in) long with pentagonal cross-section, containing numerous seeds.
Vesen Brocho (p. 396) rules that the Brocho is Adama.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a.
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Posted 1/20/2022 10:26 PM |
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# 3517 Lick Your Spots?
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Q. Can one lick with his tongue a stain on his jacket on Shabbos to remove it? How about if it is a piece of food that is still edible?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that it should not be done since one will also be cleaning the cloth itself, which is forbidden during Shabbos. Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a, are of similar opinion.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a.
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Posted 1/20/2022 12:46 PM |
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Posted 1/19/2022 4:30 PM |
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# 3515 Not so Fast
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Q. I'm commemorating on Tu Bishvat the first Yohrzait for my mother A'H. In our family we have a tradition that we fast on the day of the Yohrzait for parents. Does that apply on Tu Bishvat also?
A. On question 1607 regarding if a Chassan - Kallah fast on T’u Bishvat? (the wedding is the night after), we wrote: "Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit’a pointed out to Mishna Berura (573: 7) quoting Magen Avrohom , that they should not fast on Tu Bishvat."
By the same reason the Rov recommends not to fast on Tu Bishvat for a Yohrzait either.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 1/16/2022 6:52 PM |
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# 3514 Sing a Diferent Song?
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Q. We started our small shul about twelve years ago and we have been successful. Recently a group of more Chassidishe friends joined us and we are pleased with their presence.
We have a Shaila, this new group has a minhag that on Shabbos Shirah they all sing together the Shirah. We never did that before.
Two questions. 1) Is there an 'Inyan' (worthwhile) reason to sing the Shirah together?
2) Although the majority of our Mispalelim agree to do it, is it permitted to change an already established Minhag?
A. 1) On question 135 regarding reciting the Shira with joy during a time of Aveilus, we wrote: "Zohar (B’shalach and Terumah) and Midrash, quoted by many Poiskim, exalt the ones who recite Shiras Hayam with great joy, with detailed care, and with its cantillations. They are considered as if they experienced themselves the Exodus of Mitzraim and Hashem saves them and forgives all their sins. (Pri Chodosh, Mishna Berura 53, et. al.)
Because of the inherent requirement to recite the Shira with happiness, some Poiskim advise to refrain from saying it in a mourner’s house or on the 9 of Av (Tur O.C. 559, Bais Yosef and Darchei Moshe ibid.). However, the accepted tradition is to say it including when the Avel himself leads."
Therefore, in principle the minhag that all sing together with great joy, has a definite background.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that if the majority want to sing together from now on, and it will not bring to a Machlokes, there is no reason why it should not be done.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 1/13/2022 11:00 PM |
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# 3513 Safe Return
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Q. Someone fainted during Shemone Essreh due to Covid. illness. People next to him stopped davening to attend to him and waited until Hatzalah came and took care of him. Then they returned to daven the Amida. Since an extended time elapsed, more than the time it takes to say the Shemone Essreh, do they have to start all over again? How about if they spoke during that time?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that, even if they the Hefsek (interruption) was longer that the time it takes to recite the complete Shemoneisre, they only need return to the spot where they interrupted. The same applies even if they also spoke, as long as it was needed for the care given of the patient.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 1/13/2022 10:58 PM |
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# 3512 Don't Rattle the Cage
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Q. See questions above. If the bird cage usually hangs from a stand that is too high for the kids to reach and throw the seeds inside. Can it be lowered to the ground on Shabbat and then placed back?
A. Shemiras Shabbos K. (27: n.31) maintains that the cage is Muktza as it is a 'Bosis' or a base for the birds it contains and therefore should be regarded as Muktza as the birds are. This is similar to the fish tank mentioned in a prior question. He quotes Horav S.Z. Auerbach zt'l that this applies even if the birds fly constantly and may not be standing on the cage the complete Bein Hashmoshos (time between day and night).
Therefore, Horav Shlomo Miller's opinion is that the cage should be lowered before Shabbos begins and left at a height accessible to the children.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 1/13/2022 10:56 PM |
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# 3511 Feed the Birds?
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Q. 2) See question above: (Since it is an ancient tradition that on Shabbat Shira you feed the birds) In our particular case, is it permitted to have the kids come together and feed our birds inside the cage?
A. Shulchan Aruch (324: 11) permits feeding during Shabbos one's domesticated birds that one is obligated to feed.
Biur Halacha (ibid.) mentions that others may also feed those birds.
Therefore, you may indeed permit the children to gather on Shabbos Shira and feed the birds.
Horav Shlomo Miller's opinion is that one should be careful to throw the seeds through the bars or grid of the cage, and to not open the gate or door to it, since one may not be permitted then to close it on Shabbos, The reason being that if left open, it would allow the birds to escape. Therefore, closing it would comprise trapping or the Melacha of Tzod. (Shulchan Aruch O.H. 316: 7).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 1/13/2022 10:54 PM |
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# 3510 Hear the Birds Singing?
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Q. We have at home a large bird cage with six birds, and it is a delight for our young children and the neighbors kids too.
We wonder, 1) since it is an ancient tradition that on Shabbat Shira you feed the birds, why don't people do it in our days?
A. Indeed there is an old tradition for some to feed the birds on Shabbos Shira, based on the fact that they sang with us by the sea (Orchois Chaim 324, Eishel Avrohom, Aruch Hashulchan 324: 11, and others).
A Midrash is quoted which states that the B'nai Yisroel fed seeds that grew from the trees inside the Red Sea to birds and these birds joined in Israel’s song of praise to Hashem.
Sephardic sources quote Chazon Ovadia- (Shabbat, 3, p. 24 and 4, p. 270) who mentions that many of the great Acharonim question the words of the Magen Avraham and write that since this custom was enacted as a Mitzva, one may indeed follow this custom on Shabbos Shira. Tosefes Shabbos rules similarly. He proceeds to discuss several reasons for this leniency.
On question 2296 regarding feeding pigeons on Shabbos we wrote: “One is permitted to feed the animals he owns and he has to take care for (Talmud Shabbos 155b, O.H. 324: 11). However, even if the animals are his, if he does not have to feed them and they can usually find food for themselves as most flying birds do, it would be prohibited to feed them, as it is considered “Tircha Yeseira” (Mishna Berura ibid. 29, 31), even on Shabbos Shirah. Shulchan Aruch mentions doves in his prohibition.”
Many Poskim avert keeping the minhag to feed birds on Shabbos Shira, since it involves feeding wild animals that are not under our care, and that is prohibited on Shabbos (Magen Avrohom 324: 7, Yaavetz ibid. Mishna Berura 324: 31)
Some place bird seeds before Shabbos begins. (Nitei Gavriel - Purim 10: 1)
Horav Shlomo Miller's opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 1/13/2022 10:52 PM |
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# 3509 Think Tank
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Q. Is the fish tank itself Muktza on Shabbat?
A. Igros Moshe (O.H. 4: 16) considers the fish tank a 'Bosis' or a base for the fish it contains and therefore should be regarded as Muktza as the fish are. However, Shemiras Shabbos K. (27: n. 96) quotes Horav S.Z. Auerbach zt'l that a small tank is regarded an ornament and therefore not Muktza.
Horav Shlomo Miller's opinion is that one should be stringent when possible.
See question 2810 regarding the extraction of a dead fish from an aquarium on Shabbos.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 1/13/2022 10:49 PM |
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# 3508 Another Fish Tale
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Q. If a fish jumps out from an aquarium on Shabbat, is one allowed to place it back while it is still alive?
A. Shemiras Shabbos K. (27: n. 98) permits returning the fish into the tank due to the Tzaar Baal Chaim or animal suffering involved. (See also Shulchan Aruch O,H, 305: 19)
Horav Shlomo Miller's opinion is that even if Tzaar Baal Chaim, does not apply to very small fish, it is permitted in need, if leaving it to die would create an undesirable item of refuse that one may anyway be permitted to move (Geref Shel Rei). At that stage it may also be permitted to move if one owns an animal (cat) that may see it as food and benefit from consuming it.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 1/13/2022 10:47 PM |
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# 3507 Break the Ice
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Q. Which is more correct when needed for safe walking during Shabbat, salting the ice with sand and salt or using a metal scrapper to break the ice?
A. On question 392 regarding spreading sand on ice on Shabbos we wrote: "When spreading sand you have to be concerned with the 'Boneh' or building prohibition. If the surface is paved, cemented or tiled, Poiskim mostly permit, in order to avoid injury, spreading the sand or salt-sand mix, as it will not stay and is expected to be washed away on warm weather, It is better to use sawdust for that same reason (see Mishna Berura 313: 55, Shemiras Shabbos K. 25: 9).
In regards to the Muktzeh prohibition, if the sand or sawdust was prepared or set apart before Shabbos for a permitted use, it is not Muktze. However, even if it was not, Poiskim would remove the Muktzeh prohibition when protecting the public from harm (Sh’miras Shabbos K’ ibid., 39 Melochos 2: p. 369).
If available, one should ask a Gentile to do the above.
On question 393 in regard to using a metal scrapper to break ice on a path or steps during Shabbos, we wrote: "Mishna Berura (320: 36) quotes Mogen Avrohom’s opinion that there is a difference between breaking ice collected on a vessel, which the Shulchan Aruch (ibid. 10) permits and chopping ice that is attached to the ground, where it may be considered building or demolishing. However Mishna Berura mentions that many Poskim disagree and rules that in need the ice can be broken.
There may be also issues of Muktze (Shulchan Atzei Shitim and Chasam Sofer, quoted in 39 Melochos 2, Dosh, note 167. Using a scraper would be “Tiltul Min Hatzad”, similar to a broom) however, when public safety is a concern, as stated in the previous question, it does not apply."
Horav Shlomo Miller's opinion is that it is better to use the salt rather than the metal scrapper since it mat actually scratch or fill in cracks on the paved, cemented or tiled surface covered with ice.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 1/13/2022 10:44 PM |
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# 3506 Testing the Test II
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Q. Dear Rabbi. On question 3497 you permitted taking a Covid test on Shabbat that involves the changing of color of the test paper when needed, and can be done with a Shinui or a variation from the normal procedure, such as holding the testing stick by one’s teeth. Does the same apply to squeezing the Q- tip?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s opinion is that it is also permitted under the same conditions.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 1/13/2022 10:41 PM |
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# 3505 Reach for the Moon
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Q. When someone makes Kiddush Levana on a winter, cloudy and windy day, how long does the moon have to remain uncovered to be able to recite the Bracha? What can be done when it is extremely cold and likely, at least some of the present will not make Kiddush Levana later, can they do the Bracha when they only see the moon a short while?
A. Mishna Berura (426: 3) rules that if one began reciting the brocho while the moon could be seen and then it became covered, he may finish the brocho. However he adds (quoting from Ridbaz and Magen Avrohom), that if he expects that the clouds will cover the moon before he can end the brocho, he should not begin to recite.
Nevertheless, in Biur Halocho he quotes Divrei Chaim that one may start immediately to recite the blessing even if he knows it is going to be covered before the end of his blessing. He compares the above to the brocho on lighting.
Biur Halocho suggests that there is a slight difference between the brocho on lighting, that is recited to recognize the portents and prodigies of Creation and that is immediate, as opposed to Kiddush Levana, in which we bless Hashem for the enjoyment of the light of the moon, and that may take longer.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion us that in case of need one may rely on the Divrei Chaim and other Poskim that permit.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 1/13/2022 10:39 PM |
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# 3504 You Must Be Joking
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Q. Our children on this time of the year, when they walk Shabbos evening to or from shul, often like to stop, gaze and enjoy the uncanny and sometimes stupefying Christmas decorations of our non Jewish neighbors. Is there an issue with that? do we have to prevent them from doing this? How? Thanks so much.
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that obviously you have to stop your young children from gazing and admiring those Avoda Zarah decorations. It is best done while explaining to them the truth of what they stand for.
But instead of punishing or being severe against the children, that may indeed have the opposite effect, one should try 'Letzanusso D' Avoda Zarah' (Megila 24b) or making fun, ridiculing and using derogatory jokes towards it. That will likely be more effective.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a.
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Posted 1/6/2022 11:03 PM |
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# 3503 A Quick Name Fix
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Q. If when reciting a Mi Sheberach for a sick person the name used was not completely correct, does the minyan have to reassemble and recite another Mi Sheberach?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that when he is corrected, he does not have to repeat the complete Mi Sheverach, He should just mention the correct name and add a brocho for Refuah Shleima.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a.
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Posted 1/6/2022 11:00 PM |
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# 3502 Not the Best Vest
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Q. Dear Rabbi. Can one use during winter a Taalit Kattan that is similar to a warm vest. It has short sleeves, but just under the armpits it is split and divided, so most of the front and the back is similar to any other Taalit Kattan. The only other issue is that the edges on the side have a number of buttons that can close the vest. Is it permitted, when the buttons are not used, to make a bracha on it? Does the fact that the user may at one point when it is cold, button up the sides destroy its validity as a Taalit Kattan?
A. Mishna Berura (10: 29) is lenient on using buttons or other easily undone fasteners. However, Piskei Teshuvos quoting Eishel Avrohom, maintains that even buttons or other easily undone fasteners, should be avoided
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that although it is preferable to use a plain regular Taalis Kotton, this vest type can be used even when it is buttoned and the brocho can be recited.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a.
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Posted 1/6/2022 10:58 PM |
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# 3501 Tragic Lonely Departure
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Q. A dear member of our family is dying in hospital. Because of the severe covid restrictions, even his wife, children and grandchildren, as well as his Rov are not allowed to see him or be with him in the secluded section of the hospital he is in.
Since in our family, in similar situations we all join together and at least a minyan is present at the time of 'Yetzias Neshama.' We sing some very moving Nigunim after Viduy and we all loudly recite 'Hashem Hu Hoelokim' etc. Can we in this particular situation do it from the ground outside and in front of the hospital, (they won't let us in) while zooming his image in bed to all of us and our image to him? Is the effort worth it? Thanks for an fast reply.
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that it can be done as tefilos help even in such unusual situations.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a.
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Posted 1/6/2022 10:55 PM |
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# 3500 Fixing the Fixed
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Q. I'm the Gabbai for a Minyan that takes place in a neighborhood home.
In question 3484, the response states, in part: "Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that although in other positions such as a Chazan, being a Baal Teshuva may not be recommended, in this particular case he may be indeed the preferred candidate."
Does this mean that when selecting a Baal Tefilla, it is preferable to not invite a Baal Teshuva to the Amud?
A. Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 53: 4) ruled that one of the requirements of a Shalich Tzibur is that he should be clean from sins, even if those were committed during his youth. Mishna Berura (16) maintains that the above applies even if he did Teshuva.
However, other Poskim disagree. See Beis Hilel (p.71) quoting Yechave Daas, Teshuvos Vehanhogos (1- 99) and others.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a.
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Posted 1/6/2022 10:49 PM |
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# 3499 In Respect to All Due Respect
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Q. See question above. Often I also see pamphlets and pages of Torah that were left on the mail box of the Shul and due to the wind they end on the street. Is it permitted for me to bring
them in during Shabbat, since as mentioned, I'm stringent and don't carry even when there is an Eruv?
A. Alenu Leshaveach (Teshuva 60 - Bereshis) addresses this question and also the question above, He quotes Chassam Sofer 82 and Talmud Baba Metzia (30a) that one should return to others only the lost articles that he would care to retrieve for his own use. If it is an item he would not retrieve for himself, he does not transgress on the prohibition of 'Lo suchal lehisalem'
Regarding writings of Torah and Shemos, he mentions that a 'Gaon' once asked a child to pick up those Shemos. When later he told the Chazon Ish about it, he replied that he should have better just left them in the street.
As mentioned in the prior question, Horav Shlomo Miller's opinion is that it is better to move the Shemos with one's foot, until finding for them a protected place.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a.
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Posted 1/6/2022 10:47 PM |
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Important Numbers
